Osteoarthritis (Wear & Tear)

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in the UK. The main symptoms are joint pain and stiffness, which can make movement and everyday activities  difficult. Symptoms may worsen with activity levels or weather changes, and in severe cases they can be constant.

Other signs include joint tenderness, increased stiffness after inactivity, joints appearing larger, crackling or grating sounds in the joints, reduced range of movement, and muscle weakness or loss of muscle mass. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint but most commonly occurs in the knees, hips, and small joints of the hands. People usually experience symptoms in only one or a few joints at a time.

The condition is linked to aging, as the tissues around joints gradually wear down over time. In osteoarthritis, cartilage—the smooth protective surface that helps joints move easily— wears down. This can lead to bone growths and mild inflammation, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling.

Although the exact cause is not fully known, several factors increase the risk including:

1. previous joint injuries

2. other joint conditions eg. rheumatoid arthritis or gout

3. increasing age

4. family history

5. obesity

Diagnosis

Is based on symptoms and physical examination . Osteoarthritis is often suspected in people over 45 who have joint pain related to activity but do not experience prolonged morning stiffness. X-rays may be used to assess joint damage, but they are not typically required to diagnose the condition.

Management

Exercise is one of the most important ways of managing osteoarthritis, irrespective of age or level of fitness. Specific exercises that help strengthen the muscles and joints are recommended, these can be done at home. These can be accessed via NHSL Physiotherapy, which you can self refer to on the link below:

Musculoskeletal (MSK) Physiotherapy - NHS Lanarkshire

Some people worry that exercising will increase their pain and cause further joint damage, however exercise can improve osteoarthritis. It benefit the joints and reduces pain by strengthening supportive structures around the joint and building muscle. Exercise can also help lose weight, improve posture and relieve stress, all of which will ease symptoms.